Fall 2020: Classes meet M W F 10:10 - 11am over Zoom and in Kochel 77. Zoom attendance is required for all students. The classroom is optional, but even in the classroom you will be connecting to Zoom to team up with your classmates. We may need to divide into groups to rotate attendance in the physical classroom. Group assignments will be made in Canvas. For in-class meetings, we must all wear masks and maintain a safe social distance. Remember: Your mask protects me, my mask protects you.
Schedule: Fall 2020
DIGIT 400: Lionpath class number: 5985. This course fulfills a 400-level requirement for the DIGIT major at Penn State Erie, The Behrend College. You should have taken DIGIT 110 and/or DIGIT 210 before this class, but these pre-requisites are not strictly necessary to your success in this class.
Instructor
Dr. Elisa Beshero-Bondar (Dr. B
), Professor of Digital Humanities and Program Chair of DIGIT.
- E-mail: eeb4 at psu.edu
- Office Hours by Zoom: Tuesdays 11am - 1pm, Thursdays 1pm - 3pm, and by appointment.
Digital Project Design: Course Description
This course is all about working with computers and digital technology to build cultural resources on the public web. In taking this course you will gain experience with textual scholarship, editing, and digital production, and you will learn a variety of coding designed for systematic building and sharing of information resources.
Students who complete this course will gain skills in practical hands-on programming, digital project management, and web development. Your digital projects will distinguish you as investigators and makers, able to wield computers creatively and effectively for human interests. Your success will require patience, dedication, and regular communication and interaction with us, working through assignments on a daily basis. Your success will not require perfection, but rather your regular efforts throughout the course and your documenting of problems when your coding doesn’t yield the results you want. Homework exercises are a back-and-forth, intensive dialogue between you and your instructors, and we plan to spend a great deal of time with you individually over these as we work together. Our guiding principle in developing assignments and working with you is that the best way for you to learn and succeed is through regular practice as you hone your skills. Our goal is not to make you expert programmers (as I am far from that myself). Instead, I want you to learn how to apply coding technologies for your own purposes, how to track down answers to questions, how to ask for help, and how to find answers to questions by searching and experimenting. In designing a digital project, you will gain skills in thinking algorithmically (step-by-step) through problems to find good solutions.
Learning to Code: Our Context
You do not need any background at all with computer programming or web development to succeed in this course. We teach practical programming as a foundational skill (like reading, writing, and arithmetic) that all students should experience regardless of major or background.
You will be learning to write, test, and share code to build a digital project. You
will be working in teams to investigate a research topic in the humanities. You
students will propose and select the project ideas we will work on in this class,
with guidance from me. You will be learning to build projects with eXtensible Markup
Language (XML) and languages connected with it, because XML is a powerful tool for
modelling texts that we can adapt creatively to our interests and questions. You will
learn how to work with regular expressions to match patterns in plain text and
up-convert
them to an XML document. You’ll gain lots of experience with
writing XPath expressions: a formal language for searching and extracting information
from XML code which serves as the basis for transforming XML into many publishable
forms. You’ll learn to write XSLT: a programming “stylesheet” transforming language
designed to convert XML to publishable formats, as well as to extract information and
plot it in charts in graphs in Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). You will learn how to
design your own systematic coding methods to work on projects, and how to write your
own rules in schema languages (like Schematron and Relax-NG) to keep your projects
organized and prevent errors. Depending on the project you work on, you may gain
experience with an international XML language called TEI (after the Text Encoding
Initiative) which serves as an international standard for coding digital archives of
cultural materials. Since one of the best and most widely accessible ways to publish
XML is on the worldwide web, you will definitely gain working experience with HTML
code (another markup language related to XML). You will be styling HTML with
Cascading Stylesheets (CSS), and adding dynamic features to your website with
JavaScript. You will also, all along, be working with Git and GitHub for
collaborating with the class and your project team, and gaining command line (or
shell) experience.
While we are using XML in an academic research context,
what you learn here is also important in the tech industry, where XML is the internal
format for many general applications (used for bank and hospital records, and the
basis of the entire Microsoft Office and LibreOffice software packages).
XML is important, too, for web developers, where the HTML (hypertext markup language)
of web pages to be viewed in browsers is often expressed as a form of XML (as we will
be applying it). Developers of relational databases work widely with XML, too, as
a universal data interchange format.
Finally, gaining fluency in the XML family of languages
in a humanities context may give you a strong foundation in practical computing experience
and I hope what you learn here will help you build a distinctive
portfolio of skills and projects.
Learning Objectives:
- Work with Texts as Artifacts—As Physical and Virtual Objects:
- Generate
digital surrogates
: digitally represent facsimiles of rare manuscripts and other kinds of documents, and make their content digitally searchable. - Reflect and write on the issues and problems with digital representation, as well as the capacity of the digital medium to enhance or add dimensions to a physical text.
- Learn and practice coding in eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and related
coding technologies: to
mark up
, process, and extract information about the structure, physical condition, and cultural contexts of textual artifacts.
- Generate
- Gain experience with information retrieval, distant reading, and autotagging
techniques:
- Write code to apply searching and data extraction methods through multiple kinds of pattern-matching algorithms, including forms of regular expression matching. Take conventional boolean searches and library database searches to new levels.
- Apply
mining
anddrilling
methods to interact with texts and visualizations differently than we could domanually
or with unassisted eyes and brains. - Learn how to
autotag
enormous texts or collections of texts, for practical results: to code the structure of enormous texts from a distance, in order to navigate them and make them accessible through distant reading. - Reflect on the strengths and limitations of data processing and visualization.
- Gain Project Design and Editing Experience:
- Gain digital editing experience with proposing, designing, and contributing to a digital research project
- Gain experience with collaborating and sharing code using a version control system (GitHub) in a team repository
- Transform XML code into publishable web formats, to build or contribute to a project website.
- Design navigation elements, and build visual aids and models (such as timelines and tree diagrams) from texts: to generate charts and images from extracted data
- Gain experience with plotting digital graphs and charts
- Last but not least: Discover that you read and write with
new eyes,
with greater precision and agility, thanks to your adventures with digital projects!
Optional Textbook and Other Class Resources
- Michael Kay, XSLT 2.0 and XPath 2.0: Programmer’s Reference, 4th edition (Wiley Publishing, 2008) ISBN-13: 978-0-470-19274-0 This book is optional, and I have not requested it at the bookstore. I have two copies and it is available in the Penn State Library as an e-book. This is really the authoritative word on XSLT and XPath, written by a designer of the official W3C specifications of XSLT 2.0 that we’re using. We are learning from this book ourselves and consult it frequently! We’re not requiring that you buy it, but we recommend it to have a powerful reference at your fingertips and for learning more on your own. There’s a kindle edition available but poorly designed for searching, so we (actually) prefer the hardcover print edition. If you’re going to purchase it, be sure you pick up the latest edition (from 2008), and not the earlier versions.
Other resources: Project Guidelines and Past Student Projects
Explanatory Guides and Exercises: Complete List
Class Web Resources:
- Course Home Website: https://newtfire.org/courses/digitProjectDesign/ Home of our syllabus and schedule.
- digitProjectDesign-Hub: https://github.com/newtfire/digitProjectDesign-Hub Class GitHub Repository and Issues Board
- Canvas: https://courseweb.pitt.edu To submit homework assignments and exams and read private course announcements
- File Conventions for Canvas Assignments
Grading:
Homework Exercises (30%):
To keep up with this class, you must work on exercises regularly. Each day will involve some small assignment, to prepare you for the next of class, and to help you to build your course project. 90% Rule: If students do not submit at least 90% of the regular homework assignments, the grade for the homework portion is based on the percentage of homework they completed. Students should therefore aim to submit at least 90% of the regular homework assignments, and complete at least 90% of the work in each component of the course.
About homework assignments: Coding and project review exercises in this course are about your active learning, and not—as in other courses—a way of testing whether you have already learned something we covered in class or in an assigned reading. You may often need to look up how to do something that you don’t already know how to do. Often, there will be multiple ways of accomplishing the task and we are not simply looking for you to do things perfectly in just one way. We are instead looking for a record of your learning process as you take on a challenge. Documenting problems is key to learning, and sometimes just writing out what you are trying to do helps lead you to a solution! There may be times when you don’t get the result you want in the homework, and that is to be expected! In those cases you can still get full credit for the assignment if you’ve made a serious attempt and if you submit, along with your code, a description of what else you tried, what results you expected, what results you got, and what you think went wrong. Getting stuck is part of the learning process. You will see me get stuck sometimes, and I will need your eyes to help me fix something! As long as you’ve described your understanding of the problem and your attempts to resolve it on your own, you will do well: documentation of how you get stuck is key. One of our goals is to form a supportive coding community in this class, so we are comfortable with unsticking each other,
I will read and evaluate all student homework, and will post assessments on Canvas.
Coding assignments are assessed as check plus
, check
, and check minus
, or redo
.
Don’t think of these as grades, since, if you resubmit a redo
to correct a serious problem, you will receive full credit for the assignment.
My comments on homework are feedback
for learning purposes. If you have
not engaged with the assignment adequately (whether that means solving the tasks or
discussing the coding obstacles you encountered and how you dealt with them), we will
ask you to meet with us to review the issues and then complete a followup (redo) task
in order to receive credit. For assignments with posted solutions, I will invite you to
review the posted solution on GitHub and comment on it (we will show you how to do
this) to address something you learned from the solution or did in a different way.
For some assignments where we review posted solutions and line-comments together in
person or in class, we will write back to you with individual comments only if your
specific submission raises an issue that we don’t address elsewhere. If we don’t return
your assignment, that means that we have nothing to add to our posted solution, but
should you have any specific questions after you’ve read our posted solution, please
ask the instructors. And we will go over assignments together to get the class unstick on things in our regular class meetings.
Issue posts: Throughout the course, we’ll assign discussion posts on our class GitHub site in which you will respond to online readings or evaluate web resources. Your posting
should do more than
summarize the article or site (which you could just do by skimming or reading
the first paragraph), but should demonstrate a thoughtful reflection on
specific ideas and issues. When evaluating a web resource, don’t simply praise
or condemn it without going into details about why a key component is effective
or poorly designed. Good posts demonstrate care and reflection, and
you may choose to respond to the overarching ideas of a piece, or to selected
details of specific interest. These posts are scored as check plus
, check
, and check minus
.
Participation: In Class and on GitHub (15%):
Coding and programming in real life is a social activity, and professionals in
the real world aren’t “know-it-all” experts who work alone, but rather are tuned
into discussion boards and regularly ask and answer questions to stay sharp and to
learn from their community. In this class, we want you to work together and talk
to each other and your instructors as your community resource, so we have built
this into our course participation grade as a formal expectation. Beginning by week two, we’ll expect each student to post at least once per
week on our course GitHub repo, and we strongly encourage you
to do more than this minimum. Earn an A
in participation by asking questions, making suggestions, and sharing helpful
resources you’ve found. Help each other out by trying to answer questions on GitHub
(and
read the instructor posts too as we wade in to help). Your instructors will likely
be dominating the class time as we model concepts and methods, so the GitHub Issues
board gives the students a good space to form into a coding community to help each
other and reflect together. Also, if you have a question about an assignment, always think of our GitHub Issues board as your first resource to
check for helpful hints and to post your questions, because others may have the
same question and answers are best shared! Of course you may e-mail us, but we
really prefer you go the discussion board first, and doing so is, after all, worth
course credit as your participation grade.
Tests (15%):
As scheduled throughout the course there will be several (probably about five or six) tests on the various kinds of coding we are learning in the course, and we will drop the lowest grade. All will be take-home or taken online in between classes. They are open-book, open notes, but they must be completed individually and are designed to demonstrate that you have learned from the class material, coding assignments, and posted solutions. Tests may resemble homework assignments, but unlike homework exercises, these are given letter grades. These are given grades because they are evaluative and involve demonstrating what you have learned after we have finished a coding unit.
Project (40%):
Throughout the semester you will be working as part of a team on a course project. Early in the semester each student posts a proposal for a semester project to work with a text (or collection of texts) in the public domain and a set of research questions to explore in a coding project. Teams will form around a selection of these projects in mid-September and begin work, performing document analysis, developing and implementing a system of markup and project rules, marking up text following that system, writing programs to conduct research and create a resource to share on a public website you will develop together that represents your investigation and your conclusions. Each project team must meet regularly together and check in with me outside of class for project planning and discussion. Each of the project components described below adds up to 40% of your grade for the course.
Project Checkpoints There will be a series of project checkpoints to complete, by set due dates throughout
the semester. Each is worth 5% of the final course grade (a total of 20%) and a letter
grade on the following scale: exceeds target
(A+), meets target
(A), some progress
(B), negligible progress
(C), no progress
(F). Each checkpoint will expect you to complete a stage of serious work on the course
project with your project team. Project Checkpoints are met using the Issues and/or
Projects tabs on your project GitHub repository and by posting files on the project
website on newtFire.
The course project develops throughout the semester, but is fully assembled in the final weeks of the course and submitted in two places, through code and documentation shared in your GitHub repository and on your project website due in Finals Week. Projects are evaluated as a team effort, but if unequal effort is observed, project members may receive different project grades accordingly. The Final Project grade is worth 20% of the course grade.
Grading Scale:
Grades for the course are calcuated and posted on Canvas, and follow this standard scale: A: 93-100%, A-: 90-92%, B+: 87-89%, B: 83-86%, B-: 80-82%, C+: 77-79%, C: 70-76%, D: 60-69%, F: 59% and below. In taking the course on a S / NC (pass-fail) basis, students must earn a C to receive Satisfactory credit.
Course Policies:
Each day we are covering material that builds on earlier material and assignments, so your success depends upon regular attendance and completing each assignment on time.
Due dates and why we need them:
Your daily homework for this course is time-sensitive! Coding assignments, response papers, and other homework exercises must be uploaded to Canvas (or GitHub or our web server as specified), by the due date and time indicated on the class schedule. Homework assignments will be posted online to our class website and linked from our schedule, so students who miss class are nevertheless expected to consult the schedule and submit assignments on time. Because we post and share answers to homework exercises after submission deadlines, we will usually not accept late homework submissions.
Exam Policy:
All exams will be take-home, to do on your own time, with submissions due in Canvas or by web submission. Because I will be posting answers and sharing them in class, I do not allow people to write exams after the solutions are posted. However, I will drop your lowest exam score for the class, so that you may miss one exam without penalty.
Attendance and Classroom Courtesy:
I am not calculating your attendance, but I will expect your active presence and interaction with me and your classmates this semester, as we need to rely on each other to learn and develop projects.
Our class is fast paced and requires that we all be making the best use we can of our in-person class sessions. Arriving late and leaving early (physically or remotely!) disrupts the important collective mental activity of class. So does in-class texting and checking your cell phone. Whether you are joining over Zoom or in the physical classroom, I ask that you put mobile devices in Do Not Disturb mode. While class is in progress, talking disruptively, leaving the classroom, texting or using a cell phone or computer, reading a newspaper, or other distracting behavior will be actively discouraged.
Covid and Attendance
When present on campus together this semester, whether in the classroom or elsewhere, always wear a mask and wear it appropriately (over your mouth and nose). We are being provided with some personal protective equipment (PPE) in the form of plastic face shields to be worn in addition to masks if we need to look at each other's computer screens. It is a good idea to bring hand sanitizer with you to campus and sponge off your work area in class. I will ask you to put on your mask if I see you without one, or to fix your mask if you are not wearing it correctly. Non-compliance by any of us means we have to leave the classroom immediately for our own safety, and I have to report anyone not masking or distancing as a violation of the Student Code of Conduct. Remember, My mask protects you; your mask protects me.
Please do not attend our physical class if you are not feeling healthy! This is not the semester to suffer through a fever or chills heroically to attend class in person. Stay home, report symptoms, get tested. This applies to me as your professor as well as to you!
If you need to miss classes for health reasons, make arrangements with me and your peers to catch up. We will always be meeting on line (via chat and GitHub asynchronously and via Zoom for class meetings) and we will find ways to keep you looped in.
Our Covid Mixed Mode: I am planning for the class to be meeting in mixed ways, with some of you attending in Zoom and some of you in the classroom. I hope we can maintain class meetings so we see each other in person once per week before Thanksgiving, but we are ready to be fully remote when needed. I am preparing much course material to be recorded and watched and read on your own time. In-class meetings are paired with synchronized Zoom sessions so you all, wherever you are, can talk to me live. Think of the in-class sessions as live conversations where we share screens and discuss homework, tests, and projects.
Finally, if I feel as if we are risking our health with in-class meetings, I will simply move us all to Zoom to protect our group. Our health comes first!
Student (and Faculty) Health and Wellness Services
If any of us, you students or me, are feeling sick, with COVID or flu-like, or other serious ailments this semester, please contact Behrend Student Health & Wellness Services at 814-898-6217. None of us can be sure what will happen with the COVID pandemic, and we are taking on a great risk this semester. Reporting in when you do not feel well is not shameful; it is responsible and important to protect yourself and our community.
Also, this semester may be more stressful than usual with so much uncertainty! Many students at Penn State face personal challenges or have psychological needs that may interfere with their academic progress, social development, or emotional wellbeing. Seek help! The university offers a variety of confidential services to help you through difficult times, including individual and group counseling, crisis intervention, consultations, online chats, and mental health screenings. These services are provided by staff who welcome all students and embrace a philosophy respectful of clients’ cultural and religious backgrounds, and sensitive to differences in race, ability, gender identity and sexual orientation. Counseling and Psychological services are available through the Personal Counseling Office in Reed Union Bldg. Rm 1: 814-898-6504.
Equity
Penn State takes great pride to foster a diverse and inclusive environment for students, faculty, and staff. Acts of intolerance, discrimination, or harassment due to age, ancestry, color, disability, gender, gender identity, national origin, race, religious belief, sexual orientation, or veteran status are not tolerated and can be reported through Educational Equity via the Report Bias webpage (http://equity.psu.edu/reportbias/).
E-mail:
Each student is issued a University email address (username@psu.edu) upon admission. This email address may be used by the University for official communication with students. Students are expected to read email sent to this account on a regular basis. Failure to read and react to University communications in a timely manner does not absolve the student from knowing and complying with the content of the communications. The University provides an email forwarding service that allows students to read their email via other service providers (e.g., Hotmail, AOL, Yahoo). Students who choose to forward their email from their psu.edu address to another address do so at their own risk. If email is lost as a result of forwarding, it does not absolve the student from responding to official communications sent to their University email address. To forward email sent to your University account, go to http://accounts.psu.edu, log into your account, click on Edit Forwarding Addresses, and follow the instructions on the page. Be sure to log out of your account when you have finished.
Academic Integrity
Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, puts a very high value on academic integrity, and violations are not tolerated. Academic integrity is the pursuit of scholarly activity in an open, honest and responsible manner. Academic integrity is a basic guiding principle for all academic activity at The Pennsylvania State University, and all members of the University community are expected to act in accordance with this principle. Consistent with this expectation, the University’s Code of Conduct states that all students should act with personal integrity; respect other students’ dignity, rights and property; and help create and maintain an environment in which all can succeed through the fruits of their efforts. Academic integrity includes a commitment by all members of the University community not to engage in or tolerate acts of falsification, misrepresentation or deception. Such acts of dishonesty violate the fundamental ethical principles of the University community and compromise the worth of work completed by others.” (Senate Policy 49-20 and G-9 Procedures. Any violation of academic integrity will receive academic and possibly disciplinary sanctions, including the possible awarding of an XF grade which is recorded on the transcript and states that failure of the course was due to an act of academic dishonesty. All acts of academic dishonesty are recorded so repeat offenders can be sanctioned accordingly. More information on academic integrity can be found at: http://psbehrend.psu.edu/intranet/faculty-resources/academic-integrity/academic-integrity.
Source Citation and Plagiarism: One goal of our course is to reflect on how best to cite sources in digital contexts. We will consider how and why such citations differ from documenting printed texts. We will also consider the ease and frequency with which digital texts and graphics are plagiarized on the worldwide web, and discuss how the omission of source citations detracts from the authority of a digital information resource. We expect you to practice mindful source citation, and plagiarism on your part will have very serious consequences.
Representing the voice of another individual as your own voice constitutes plagiarism, however generous that person may be in “helping” you with an assignment. Turning in an assignment generated collectively under the name of a single individual is considered plagiarism. When instructed to collaborate on a project, project collaborators share collective authorship and should identify themselves directly as a team. To avoid plagiarism, cite your sources whenever you quote, paraphrase, or summarize material, or use digital images from any outside source (including websites, articles, books, course readings, Courseweb or GitHub postings, or someone else’s notes). When using the “copy” and “paste” features as you read and research, be sure that you are carefully marking that these passages are unprocessed from their source, so that you know to process it later. Forgetting to do so not only produces sloppy work but (whether you intended it or not) results in a false representation. As long as you make a good faith and clear effort to cite your sources, you will not be faulted for plagiarism, but your work will be penalized if citations are inaccurate, unclear, or lack important information.
That said, the coding and digital development we do encourages collaboration, and for that reason we adopt our colleague David Birnbaum's Collaboration policy, since his course is very similar to ours. This policy specifies that students identify collaborators in a comment on submitted asignments and take care on projects that all students contribute equally (and no student is contributing excessively more than what everyone else has done). When joining a group homework session, always work on the assignment by yourself first so you can be an equal participant, and write up the assignment by yourself, after the session is over so you take care not to copy from the other students. While we want you to consult with each other, you are responsible for doing all your writing and coding by yourself, using your own words.
Disability Services:
Penn State welcomes students with disabilities into the University’s educational programs. Every Penn State campus has an office for students with disabilities. Student Disability Resources (SDR) website provides contact information for every Penn State campus (http://equity.psu.edu/sdr/disability-coordinator). For further information, please visit Student Disability Resources website (http://equity.psu.edu/sdr/). In order to receive consideration for reasonable accommodations, you must contact the appropriate disability services office at the campus where you are officially enrolled, participate in an intake interview, and provide documentation: See documentation guidelines (http://equity.psu.edu/sdr/guidelines). If the documentation supports your request for reasonable accommodations, your campus disability services office will provide you with an accommodation letter. Please share this letter with your instructors and discuss the accommodations with them as early as possible. You must follow this process for every semester that you request accommodations. Penn State Behrend’s Disability Services Coordinator is Stacey Walbridge (slw44@psu.edu)
Inspiration
We gratefully acknowledge David Birnbaum’s Digital Humanities course at the University of Pittsburgh as our starting point and supporting resource for much of our development. Other inspirational resources include:
Projects that inspire us:
- Obdurodon: where we learned what we can teach, and where we’re still learning.
- Venice Time Machine: very ambitious, enormous project team of faculty and students to study and model a thousand years of Venice, digitizing "kilometers of archives."
- Map of Early Modern London
- Lord Byron and His Times: The very thoughtful stylistic design of this important project reproduces the style of nineteenth-century print and layout. The content makes many rare materials about Lord Byron’s social network searchable and connected to the web of linked open data.
- The Shelley-Godwin Archive: digitizes the manuscripts of Percy and Mary Shelley, and Mary Shelley’s parents, William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft—manuscripts often written in multiple hands. Provides an important study of the Frankenstein notebooks to demonstrate how much of a role Percy Shelley played in the writing of Frankenstein. The archive provides a good model of the use of TEI for manuscript encoding and of complex and multiple visualizations of manuscript texts.
- TokenX: a text visualization, analysis, and play tool
- A Tour Through the Visualization Zoo
- Clay Shirky on Love, Internet Style (9 minutes of Youtube inspiration: on what lasts, and why community matters in our digital worlds.)